Draw the rock cycle.

Draw Bowen’s Reaction Series.

What are the processes to break down rocks?

What is the difference between physical weathering and chemical weathering?

What are the seven types of physical weathering?

Expansion fractures are evidence from what type of weathering?

What type of weathering is most effective in a temperature climate?

How do salts for from weathering?

What will salts do in weathering?

What type of weathering are where salts are produced?

What type of weathering has rounded clasts and pitted surfaces on younger surfaces?

What type of weathering has minerals expanding differently and weakens grains along boundaries?

Heaved sidewalks is evidence of what type of weathering?

In a fluvial or eolian environment, what process of weathering occurs?

What is dissolution?

What type of weathering gives off a rusty appearance?

Silicate minerals can break down to what type of minerals?

Quartz will breakdown to what type of mineral?

Amphibole will breakdown to what type of mineral?

What happens to NaCl in dissolution?

Jointing and the breakdown of rock into smaller components is evidence for what type of weathering?

Rate of weathering is dependent on what factors?

Is basalt more resistant or less resistant than granite?

Is gabbro more resistant or less resistant than andesite?

Is a mafic rock more resistant or less resistant than a felsic rock?

What mineral will feldspars breakdown to?

What components are contained within soils?

What processes effect how a soil will change?

What is pedogenesis?

What are the 4 soil forming processes?

If material has been added to a soil, what is this process?

If material has been moved from one horizon to another, what is this process?

If material has been transformed, what is this process?

If material has been completely removed, what is this process?

Eluviation is the process of _______________?

The process of leaching involves what?

Illuviation is the ________________.

How are plant nutrients accumulated?

Soil water is defined as?

Soil air is defined as?

What is a soil lacking if there is no air?

Decayed remains of plants and animals is defined as?

__________ is a source of nutrients and retains water.

Soil pH is the measure of what?

A low pH says the soil is ___________.

A high pH says the soil is ____________.

What are the 6 master soil horizons?

Leaf litter is found in which horizon?

Which horizon is the mineral horizon with organic matter?

Topsoil is found in which horizon?

Plant residue is found in which horizon?

Which horizon is leached and usually light in color?

Which horizon(s) are in the zone of elluviation?

Which horizon(s) are in the zone of illuviation?

Which horizon contains caliche or CaCO3?

Which horizon can contain clay, Fe, Al, or humus?

Which horizon can contain gypsum or silica?

Which horizon is not really affected by pedogenesis?

Unconsolidated parent material is indicative of what horizon?

Which horizon contains bedrock?

What are the 5 soil forming factors?

How does the parent material affect soil formation?

What are the 6 processes for transportation of parent material?

What is the process where sediments are transported by water?

What is the process where sediments are transported by wind?

What is the process where sediments are transported by gravity?

What is the process where sediments are deposited in lakes?

What is the process where sediments are deposited in oceans?

What is the process where sediments formed in place?

What are the two major factors in soil formation with regards to climate?

How will weathering rates be affected by climate?

How does temperature and precipitation affect soil formation?

What two aspects of topography affect soil formation?

What is the slope aspect?

How does the gradient of the slope affect soil formation?

Will a soil form on a steep slope or flat slope?

What factors control the amount of runoff or runon for a slope?

What factors of biologic activity affect soils formation?

Nutrient cycling, organic matter, mixing and stability are controlled by what soils forming factor?

Does biota control erosion?

Does biota control weathering rates?

Soil characteristics change with ____________.

Time allows for what 3 major factors to happen?

What is the effect of parent materials with time?

What is a characteristic of a mature soil?

What allows climate to imprint characteristics on soils?

Soils are always __________.

The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay are defined as ____________________.

What is permeability?

What is porosity?

Clay has high or low permeability?

Clay has high or low porosity?

Sand has high or low permeability?

Sand has high or low porosity?

What is the difference between clay and sand in terms of their pore spaces?

What is loam?

The structure of soils are defined as?

An individual aggregate is what?

What are the 6 structures that can be found in soils?

Soil color can be related to what?

What are the 12 soil orders?

Which soil has very little development?

Which soil has some development?

Which soil forms in mid-latitude forests?

Which soil forms in mid-latitude grasslands?

Which soil has an extremely thick A horizon?

Which soils are found in bog, peat or marshes?

Coal is what type of soil?

Which soil forms from volcanic ash?

Which soil can behave like a liquid when disturbed?

Which soil forms in the tropics?

Which soil has everything leached except Fe and Al?

Which soil are highly leached, but not to the extent as Oxisols?

Which soils are termed ‘the red clay of Georgia’?

Which soils are found in boreal forests?

Which soils are formed in cold climates and acidic soils?

Do Spodosols have a high or low pH?

Which soils are termed the shrink/swell clays?

Which soils should you not build on?

Which soils are difficult to build on?

What I the parent material of Vertisols?

Which soils form in permafrost?

Which soils are formed in the deserts?

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